Museums in Switzerland

Museums in Switzerland
More than 900 museums in Switzerland - the museum's 7,500 inhabitants. The number of museums tripled since World War II. Many of them are small local history museum dedicated to the villages. The total number of entries, about 10 million a year, in other words, all in Switzerland for more than six years is not too weak to leave the house twice a year in research museum.

Historical Museums in Switzerland

• Schweizerisches Landesmuseum, Zurich
  (Switzerland's National Museum, at Zurich's main railway station)
• Forum der Schweizer Geschichte, Schwyz

Prehistory

• Museum für Urgeschichte, Zug
• Latenium, Neuchâtel (exposes the findings of La Tène
• Augusta Raurica

Middle Ages, Castles

• Stiftsbibliothek (Library of the monastery of St. Gallen: ancient books)
• Chillon Castle
• Lenzburg Castle (Historical Museum of canton Aargau)

Old Swiss Confederacy

• Bundesbriefarchiv Schwyz (Museum of the Federal Charter)
• Tellmuseum Bürglen.
• Talmuseum Saanenland, Saanen
  A really interesting local museum
• Ballenberg (open-air museum: old farmhouses)

Technical and Science Museums in Switzerland

• Swiss Transport Museum (Verkehrshaus der Schweiz)
  • most comprehensive traffic and telecom museum in Europe
  • IMAX® movie theatre
  • Planetarium
  • Hans Erni Museum: Over 300 works express this artist's special relationship to technology
• Technorama, Winterthur (the exhibition includes ERMETH, the first computer designed and built in Switzerland in the 1950's)
• cameramuseum, Vevey
• Museum für Kommunikation, Bern

Museums of Natural History in Switzerland

Glacier Garden (Gletschergarten, Lucerne) 

Natural monument, a large glacial potholes and irregular blocks of the Ice Age 20,000 years ago in fossilized shells and palm leaves before 20 million years. Within Switzerland, the oldest relief maps, historic town, a mirror maze.

• Museum of Natural History, Lucerne One of the most attractive Natural History museums in Switzerland
• Naturhistorisches Museum Basel
• Alpineum 3D-Panorama of the Alps, Lucerne

One of the first three-dimensional images showing the most beautiful mountains of Switzerland: Mount Pilate, Rigi, Jungfrau, Monte Rosa, Matterhorn

Museums of Art in Switzerland

• Lucerne's Art Museum (fourth largest in Switzerland, contemporary art)
• The Rosengart Collection

More than 200 paintings and drawings of Picasso, Klee, Léger, "Miró" Marriage and other famous artists of the 19th and 20 century  

• Picasso Museum
  Extraordinary collection of important works by Picasso from the last 20 years of his life
• Richard Wagner Museum Former residence of the famous composer. Collection of antique musical instruments. 

Flag of Switzerland 3

Therefore, the issue of uniforms and a common flag for all Swiss soldiers was discussed in 1830. Finally, in 1840, the flag with the Swiss cross has been introduced for all troops. Late General Dufour was a supporter of this flag. By replacing the cantonal banners in the Swiss Army, Swiss flag was a key element in the process leading to national minorities (instead of Canton) identity and strengthening the central institutions of the Federal Government created the Federal Constitution of 1848.Flag of the Red CrossWhen the ICRC as a neutral institution and continued to take civilians and military personnel injured or imprisoned during the war was initiated by businessman Henry Dunant paragraph in Geneva, Switzerland) and Swiss General Dufour 1864, Dufour proposed the reversal of the Swiss flag (red cross on a white background ) as an emblem. 

As the cuff is traditionally used by Swiss soldiers again with inverted colors so that medical personnel in a war is to wear a white armband with a red cross, according to the Geneva Conventions of national organizations of the Red Cross Red in non-Christian countries interpreted the Christian symbol of the Red Cross, however, and replaced it with their own symbols religious (Red Crescent in Muslim countries, red david star in Israel). The color red on a white background is selected.

And what have tried to count the flags in the garden (and there are thousands of them!) - According to what purpose I can see when they walk around in different regions of Switzerland, in cities, suburbs or in alpine hiking trails, I am always getting themselves and doing the printing and today More than 90% of single flagposts in the country to wear the national flag of Switzerland, while the cantonal and village flags are very rare, and placed an extra flagposts together with the Swiss flag, if at all.

Flag of Switzerland 2

The larger the old confederation had become more a problem with soldiers dressed in a manner incompatible who barely able to recognize their allies on the battlefield. The descriptions of the battle Laupen (1339), the white stripes on the cross are set for the first time as a sign joint recognition of Confederate soldiers.  

The White Stripes have been established a soldier of the chest, back, shoulders, arms, legs, helmets and weapons. In the middle of the age of 15, white cross was incorporated under the flags of the Member States of the Confederation. Originally a cross has reached the edge of the banner also in Switzerland, as in the Scandinavian flags.

 

Tricolor flag of the Swiss Republiconly a brief episode in the history ofSome believe that Switzerland was the first modern democracy in history. It's only half the truth, reality. While people in some towns and cities can actually participate in the political process, most of the inhabitants of Switzerland had no political rights at all to the revolution in 1798 the Swiss eliminate the old structure and is replaced by a democratic centralist model according to the French Revolution (1789).

 Corresponding to the revolutionary fashion, Helvetic Republic also had the tricolor flag in three colors:Green (the color of nature, symbolizing freedom and / or revolution), a hat with little freedomThe red color in many of the traditional coat of arms Swiss cantonsYellow: the traditional colorTricolor on the Swiss Republic of Switzerland from 1798 to 1715) from the cover of freedomHelvetic Tricolor1798-1815Extreme centralism, but not proven in Switzerland and in 1803 years he returned to Switzerland in the system of federalism maintaining the revolutionary principles of liberty, equality and solidarity. 

 Six new members of the cantons (former territories without political rights) were granted to the new confederation. In 1815 three cantons returned to Switzerland, which were annexed by France (Napoleon!) after 1798. Green Revolution from 1798 is on the back of the cantons in 1803 (MS), St Gallen, Thurgau, Vaud and Neuchâtel (member 1815):"Swiss cross" as a national symbolAfter the French military dictator Napoleon was defeated by European powers in 1815, conservative politicians in Switzerland tried to restore the old political institutions. 

Helvetic Tricolor was abandoned and William Tell, and then made a revolutionary hero, was allowed to seal Switzerland and replaced by a white cross on red of Switzerland.In 1815, several battalions of Swiss army adopted a flag with the Swiss cross, instead of the traditional regional flag. Not everyone in Switzerland was happy with that, however. 

The White Stripes on their uniforms were replaced with old red armbands with a white cross. These bands are used before the start of World War I (1914).Swiss Flag: White cross on red backgroundThe Swiss flagAfter the French Revolution in July 1830, the liberal politicians in Switzerland rallied and demanded more centralist institutions. 

Flag of Switzerland 1

The history of the flag of Switzerlandwhere the history of the Old Swiss Confederacy began in 1291, according to legend.Flag of the country is more than just a symbol of the practice of the country for use in everyday life. This is for the country and its people, and therefore the emotional significance - at least from the people for whom the people and country are important values.Switzerland is a federal republic located in Central Europe. Today it consists of 26 federal states called cantons. Each canton has its own emblem and flag. The history of Switzerland as a nation began in 1291 when three cantons in central Switzerland has decided to defend his rights against the Counts of Habsburg, and help each other make. This is the beginning of the Old Swiss Confederation. Until to 1513, several members joined the Confederacy.

The origin of the Swiss flagWhere does the cross on the Swiss flag come from?Old Swiss Confederation (1291 - 1515) was such a loose federation of autonomous regions, as Switzerland did not have any signs or uniforms common field, or even a joint commander level for most of its history. 

When the Swiss army went to war (and they often back to the late Middle Ages), carried the flag of the region with them.However, the white cross and red flag of Switzerland have their origin in the late Middle Ages. Until 1648, Switzerland was still part of the German Empire.

The Member States of the Old Swiss Confederacy did not try to build a nation, they just wanted to get rid of the Counts of Habsburg, who sought to strengthen its influence. In the 13th century, the Emperor of Germany took with him a flag with the cross as a sacred sign, shall be construed as a protector of Christendom. What's more, he also made a blood-red flag as a sign of his power over life and death. Sometimes, given the right to wear the flag as a special honor for individual cities or regions. (The Dukes of Savoy and the city of Vienna bear a white cross on a red background on their image. 

Scandinavia and the UK both have a cross on their flags.) Often, the right to wear the cross on his arms and the flag was given in combination with other privileges, such as direct immediacy [direct submission to the jurisdiction of the emperor, without jurisdiction charges].Region Schwyz in central Switzerland, one of three founders of the Old Swiss Confederation, and whose name was later used to denote the history of the Confederacy as a whole, was granted in 1240 in the directness and wore a red flag from the mid-13th century (but not always white cross .) 

In 1289, supported King Rudolf of Hapsburg in the war against Burgundy and received as an acknowledgment of the right to represent the crucifixion of Christ and the tools used to torture him in the upper right corner of their flag. Originally painted this symbol on parchment and tied on the banner. Only later, a symbol of the cross was painted directly onto the banner.

Religions in Switzerland 2

Orthodox and other Christians in SwitzerlandNew Focus on Immigration in 1970 also led to a significant increase in the number of Orthodox Christians. There are only a few Orthodox church buildings, but. Often, the various Orthodox churches (Serbian, Russian, Greek) Catholic or Protestant, you can use in churches. So no other small minorities, such as the Anglican (mostly British and American immigrants). 

Hinduism in SwitzerlandAnd finally, Hinduism has come to the Tamil refugees in the 1970s and late 1980s. Sunday is a lot of Tamil refugees in places like Einsiedeln, Maria Stein. Perhaps the special atmosphere of this classic pilgrimage churches, Hindu temples reminding them of their homeland. This could be a sign of peaceful religious coexistence in Switzerland.

Because of the small number of traditional believers, it seems the older voting statistics for 1950 and 1960 not only was the election of the four religions: Protestants, Catholics, old (breakaway), Catholics and Jews.

Immigration has led to an increase in the country is far different religions, and increase the number of people who keep the non-traditional religions. Communities, of immigrants free to exercise their religion. Religion was an important factor that the identity of immigrants and their children.The current trend of migration is the traditional churches in Western Europe. In Switzerland, the freedom of religion seems to be more accentuated in the great Protestant church, while it is at least partly offset by the statistics of the religions of immigration in southern Europe, the Roman Catholic Church.

Religions in Switzerland 1

Classical Christian denominationsThe traditional religion of Switzerland as a Central European country to Christianity. The Reformation, many Swiss reformer, preaching the new interpretation of the Christian faith: Ulrich Zwingli and Heinrich's successor [Henry Bull Inger Zurich (1523) and Switzerland, northern, Johannes Oekolampadius Basel, Guillaume Farel Switzerland Western (1526) and finally Geneva, John Calvin (1536). While in Zwingli was by far the most influential reformers in Switzerland, Calvin will surely more familiar with abroad.

Religious conflicts and civil wars (1529-1712)Separation of the Reformation in Switzerland in two blocks: while big free cities in northern and western Switzerland (Zurich, Basel, Bern, Geneva, Schaffhausen, St. Gallen), there will be a new religion, and forced the subjects to do the same, the more rural Central switzerland, including for capital intimate Luzern Catholic remained. Four civil wars fought in Switzerland because of religious disputes in 1529, 1531 (Zwingli died on the battlefield of Kappel), 1556 and again in 1712.

Internal migration and coexistenceCatholic Migration Protestant townsThe industrialization of Switzerland in the beginning of the 19th century has led to considerable internal migration in the Catholic rural areas of industrial cities (mainly in Zurich, Basel, Winterthur, Lausanne, Geneva). Massive influx of Catholic southern Europe (Italy, Spain, Portugal), as the economic boom after the Second World War, this trend is growing, so the first Protestant urban areas in northern and western Switzerland, is a mixed population is now nearly equal numbers Protestants and Catholics.Protestant Catholic Migration of rural areas.

On the other hand, the trend of the twentieth century to live in the suburbs leads to migration (mainly Protestant) middle-class families in urban areas to rural areas traditionally Catholic northern Switzerland), Central Switzerland, including the Reformed churches were established there.Jewish CommunityReligion belongs to the Jewish community existed in Switzerland about 2000 years old but has always been a small Jewish minority. During all these centuries, imposed stringent restrictions on occupations and residence of the Jews (as in most other European countries). Only in 1866 Jewish citizens were given full right to, to settle anywhere in Switzerland, and that have any profession.

On the other religions in SwitzerlandBuddhism in SwitzerlandBuddhism came to Tibet refugees in Switzerland in 1959, Switzerland was the only European country that granted asylum to 1,000 Tibetan refugees. Tibetians preserved Buddhist religious traditions, the community has grown around 2,000 people over the years and today there is a Buddhist monastery in Switzerland. Only very few local Buddhists Swiss people have recognized, however. The number of refugees in the Buddhist is quite small, and they practiced their religion in private homes. Thus, most people still do not belong to the religion of Buddhism in Switzerland, you know very little about.Islam: Muslims in Switzerland.

In the 1970s there was hardly Muslims in Switzerland. But since then, immigration, Turkey, Bosnia, Albania, Kosovo and North Africa have increased, and now we have seen Islamic community. Muslims have become the third largest religion, and has exceeded three of the five traditional religions (Protestant and Catholic dissidents and Jews).

Switzerland's History 14

The German-speaking part of Switzerland's largest group of Alemannic dialects known as Swiss German, but written communication typically use Swiss Standard German, even though most radio and television broadcasting now in Swiss German. Similarly, some dialects of Franco-Provençal in rural areas in the French speaking part, known as "Suisse Romande", called Vaudois, Gruérien, Jura strainer, Empro, Fribourgeois, Neuchâtelois, and Italian language Ticinese area (a dialect of Lombard.) Moreover, the official languages ​​(German, French and Italian) borrow some terms not understood outside of Switzerland, ie terms from other languages ​​(German ticket from  from French), from similar term in the language other (Italian Azione not used to act but as discount from German Action). Learn one of the other languages ​​of national schools compulsory for everyone, the Swiss Confederation assumed so that at least two languages, especially those of minorities. 

Resident aliens representing foreign workers temporarily and about 22% of the population.Most of these (60%) is from the European Union or EFTA country.Italians are the single largest group of foreigners with 17.3% of total foreign population. They are followed by German immigrants (13.2%), from Serbia and Montenegro (11.5%) and Portugal (11.3%). Immigrants from Sri Lanka, most of them former Tamil refugees, the largest group among Asian-origin people.In the 2000s, showed the domestic and international institutions concerned about what they perceive as an increase in xenophobia, especially in some political campaignings. But the high percentage of foreign nationals in the country, and generally smooth the integration of foreigners, Switzerland emphasized transparency.  

Largest cities or towns of Switzerland
List of cities in Switzerland
1 Zurich Canton of Zurich 372,047 people.
2  Geneva Canton of Geneva 191,803 people.
3 Basel Basel-Stadt 169,536 people.
4 Bern Canton of Bern     133,920people.
5 Lausanne Vaud 127,821 people.
6 Winterthur Canton of Zurich     101,203 people.
7 Lucerne Canton of Lucerne     77,491 people.
8 St. Gallen Canton of St. Gallen 72,959 people.
9 Lugano Ticino 54,667 people.
10 Biel/Bienne     Canton of Bern 51,203 people.
11 Thun Canton of Bern     42,623 people.
12 Köniz Canton of Bern     39,102 people.
13 La Chaux-de-Fonds Canton of Neuchâtel     37,523 people.
14 Schaffhausen Canton of Schaffhausen 34,943 people.
15 Fribourg Canton of Fribourg 34,897 people.
16 Vernier Canton of Geneva     33,811 people.
17 Chur Graubünden 33,756 people.
18 Neuchâtel Canton of Neuchâtel     32,973 people.
19 Uster Canton of Zurich 32,285 people.
20 Sion Valais     30,363 people.  

Switzerland's History 13

The most dense railway network in Europe of 5.063 km (3.146 miles) over 350 million passengers each year.In 2007, Swiss citizen an average of 2.103 km (1307 miles) by rail, making them the keenest rail users. The network is primarily administered by the federal railway, except in Graubünden, where the 366 km (227 miles) narrow gauge railway operated by Rhaetian Railway and some World Heritage lines.Construction of a new base tunnels through the Alps rail lines on the way to reduce the time required for travel between north and south through AlpTransit project. 

A Swiss private-public managed road network funded by tolls and vehicle taxes. The Swiss autobahn / highway requires the purchase vignette (toll sticker)-which costs 40 Swiss francs for the calendar year to use the roads for cars and trucks. The Swiss autobahn / motorway network on the entire length of 1.638 km (1018 miles) (from 2000) and through an area of ​​41,290 km2 (15,940 square miles), is also one of the highest motorway densities in the world. Zurich Airport is Switzerland's largest international flight gateway, which handled 22,800,000 passengers in 2010. The other international airports are Geneva Airport (11.8 million passengers), the Basel-Mulhouse-EuroAirport Freiburg, located in France, Bern Lugano Airport Airport St. Gallen-ALTENRHEIN airport and Sion Airport.

Switzerland has one of the best environmental records among the nations in the developed world,It was one of the countries that signed the Kyoto Protocol in 1998 and ratified in 2003. In Mexico and South Korea as the environmental integrity of the Group (EIG).The country is heavily active in recycling and anti-floating elements and is one of the world's largest recycling, with 66% to 96% of recycled materials can be recycled, depending on the area in the country .

In many places in Switzerland, household waste disposal to pay off. Waste (excluding items, dangerous batteries, etc.) are collected only if it is in bags which either have a payment sticker attached, or in official bags with the allowance payable at time of purchase. This economic incentive to recycle as much as possible, since recycling is free. There up illegal waste disposal, but usually have limited enforcement of laws that offenses relating to illegal disposal of a large number of traffic intersections and public areas. Fines for not paying environmental taxes range from CHF 200-500. 

Switzerland as well as internationally The most effective way to recycle old newspapers and cardboard materials. Volunteers organized a public collection of railway transport and logistics economic began as early as 1865 under the leadership of prominent industrialist Hans Caspar Escher (Escher Wyss AG) with the construction of a modern paper mill is the first Swiss in Biberist. 

 
DemographicsSwitzerland lies on the border between major European cultures that have influenced the country's language and culture. Switzerland has four official languages: German (63.7% share of total population, foreign nationals, 72.5% of residents with Swiss citizenship in 2000) in the north, east and midlands, French (20.4%, 21, 0%) to the, west of Italy (6.5%, 4.3%). in the south are Romansh (0.5%, 0.6%), Romance language spoken locally in the southeastern canton of Graubünden trilingual, designated by the Federal Constitution as a national language along with German, French and Italian (Article 4 of the Constitution) and as an official language if the authorities do not communicate with persons of Romansh language (Article 70), but federal laws and other official acts need not be decreed in this language. The federal government has an obligation to communicate in the official language, and in the federal parliament simultaneous translation is delivered to and from German, French and Italian.

Switzerland's History 12

Switzerland and the European UnionSwitzerland voted against membership in the European Economic Area by referendum in December 1992 and the maintenance and development of its relations with the European Union (EU) and European countries through bilateral agreements. In March 2001, the Swiss people rejected a referendum to start EU accession negotiations. In recent years, the Swiss have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the provisions of the EU in many ways, an attempt to strengthen its international competitiveness. The economy is growing about 3% per year. Full EU membership is a long term goal of some of the Swiss government, but there is considerable common sense against the support by the conservative SVP party. Tend western French-speaking areas and in urban areas in the rest of the country to be more pro-EU, however, far from any large part of the population. 

The government has established an Integration Office at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Department of Economics. To isolate the negative consequences of Switzerland from the rest of Europe, Bern and Brussels signed seven bilateral agreements to further liberalize trade ties. These agreements were signed in 1999 and came into force in 2001. This is the first series of bilateral agreements was the free movement of people. A second series covering nine areas in 2004 and ratified since then. The second series includes the Schengen Treaty and the Dublin Convention. They continue to discuss further areas for cooperation.

In 2006, Switzerland 1 billion francs supportive investment in poorer countries of central and southern Europe to boost cooperation and positive ties with the EU as a whole. Referendum will be needed to approve 300 million francs to support Romania and Bulgaria and their recent hospital. The Swiss have also pressured the EU and sometimes international reduce banking secrecy and tax rates will increase to parity with the EU. Preparatory discussions are being opened in four new areas:. Opening the electricity market, participation in the European GNSS project Galileo, cooperating with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and recognition of certificates of origin for foodstuffs.On 27 November 2008, the interior and justice ministers in Brussels European Union accession of Switzerland to the Schengen passport-free zone from December 12, 2008. Land border checkpoints will remain in force only for movements, but should not carry out checks on people running, people entering the country who had their passports checked until March 29, 2009, when they Schengen country.

Energy, Infrastructure and EnvironmentElectricity is generated in Switzerland 56% from hydropower and 39% from nuclear power, with 5% of electricity generated from traditional sources, and as a result of network virtually CO2-free electricity generation. On 18 May 2003, the age of two anti-nuclear initiatives down: Moratorium Plus, an injunction against the construction of new nuclear power plants (41.6% and 58.4% against the support),and not Nuclear electricity ( 33.7% supported and 66.3% against).

Previous decade was the moratorium on building new nuclear power stations as a result of a citizens' initiative voted on in 1990 had passed with 45.5% vs. 54.5% Yes No votes. A new nuclear plant in the Canton of Bern is presently envisaged. The Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) the office responsible for all matters relating to energy supply and energy consumption in the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (detectors). The Agency supports the 2000-watt society initiative to cut its energy consumption by more than half in 2050.

On the 25 May 2011 the Swiss government announced that it intends to terminate its use of nuclear energy in two or three years to come. "The government has voted for a solution, because we want to ensure that security of supply and energy independent," said Energy Minister Doris Leuthard today at a press conference in Bern. "Fukushima showed that the risk of nuclear power is too high, there is also increase the cost of energy form." The first reactor is said to be taken online in 2019 and the last one in 2034. Parliament will discuss the plan in June 2011, and could also be a referendum.

Switzerland's History 11

Switzerland has over the private sector economy and low tax rates in the western world standards; overall taxation is one of the least developed countries. Switzerland is a friendly place to do business, Switzerland currently ranks 27 178 countries in the Ease of doing Business Index. The slow growth Switzerland experienced in the 1990s and early 2000s resulted in more support for economic reforms and harmonization with the European Union.According to Credit Suisse owns, but about 37% of the residents in their homes, one of the lowest house prices in Europe. Housing and food prices were 171% and 145% of the EU-25 index in 2007, compared to 113% and 104% in Germany. 

 
Agricultural protectionism-which is a rare exception to Switzerland FTA policy has contributed to high food prices. Product market liberalization is lagging behind many EU countries by the OECD.Nevertheless, domestic purchasing power is one of the best in the world.Apart from agriculture, that economic and trade barriers between the European Union and Switzerland are minimal and Switzerland has free trade agreements worldwide. Switzerland is a member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA).

Education and ScienceEducation in Switzerland is very diverse, because of the Constitution of Switzerland delegates the authority to chantún school system.The public and private schools, including many private international schools. A minimum age to under six years of primary school in each chantún, but most chantún available for free "school children" beginning at four or five years old.Primary school continues until grade four, five or six, depending on the school. Traditionally, the first foreign language in school has always been one of the other national language, but recently (2000) introduced English for the first time in several chantún. 

 
At the end of the primary (or early high school), students are separated according to their abilities in (often three) different sections. The fastest learners are taught advanced classes to prepare for further studies and the matura, and students who assimilate a little slower to get more education tailored to their needs.

There are 12 universities in Switzerland, ten of them are maintained at the cantonal level and usually offer a variety of non-technical subjects. The first university was founded in Switzerland in 1460 in Basel (with a medical school) and a tradition of chemical and medical research in Switzerland. It is the largest university in Switzerland University of Zurich with nearly 25,000 students. The two institutes sponsored by the federal government the ETHZ in Zürich (founded 1855) and EPFL in Lausanne (founded 1969, therefore, the former head of the institution with the University of Lausanne) which both have excellent international reputation.

 
In addition, various universities in Applied Sciences. In business and management studies, University of St. Gallen (HSG) and the International Institute for Management Development (IMD), the leader of the country and internationally highly regarded. Switzerland has the second highest rate of foreign students in higher education, after Australia.

 
As may befit a country that is home to many international organizations, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, located in Geneva, not only is continental Europe's oldest graduate school of international and development studies, but also very thought to be one of the most prominent part.

 
Many Nobel prizes were awarded Swiss scientists, for example to the world-famous physicist Albert Einstein in physics to develop a special theory of relativity while working in Bern. Later, got Vladimir Prelog, Heinrich Rohrer, Richard Ernst, Edmond Fischer, Rolf Zinkernagel and Kurt Wüthrich Nobel Prizes in science. In total, 113 Nobel laureates in all areas in relation to Switzerland and the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded 9 times to organizations residing in Switzerland.

Geneva and the French department of Ain close co-hosting the world's largest laboratory, CERN,  dedicated to particle physics research. Is an important research center Paul Scherrer Institute. Among lysergic acid diethylamide significant invention (LSD), scanning tunneling microscope (Nobel prize) and Velcro. Some technologies allow the inspection of new life like a pressurized balloon of Auguste Piccard and Jacques Piccard Bathyscaphe allowed to reach the deepest point in the ocean.

Switzerland Space Agency, the Swiss office premises involved in space technologies and different applications. Moreover, it is one of the 10 founders of the European Space Agency in 1975 and the seventh largest contributor to the ESA budget. In the private sector, some companies involved in the aerospace industry as Oerlikon Space or MAXON MOTORS, which provides aerospace structures.

Switzerland's History 10

Due to its policy of neutrality, the Swiss army is not currently involved in armed conflicts in other countries, but some of several peacekeeping missions worldwide. Since 2000, the Armed Forces Division as well as maintaining the collection system to monitor Onyx satellite communications. 

 
After the end of the Cold War, there were some efforts to limit military activity or even the end of the entire armed forces. A significant referendum on this issue, the group launched an anti-militarist held on November 26, 1989. He was defeated by about two thirds of the voters against the proposal.A similar referendum asked before, but stopped shortly after the September 11th attacks in the United States defeated by over 78% of the voters. 

 
EconomySwitzerland has a stable, prosperous economy and high technology. In 2011 was ranked as the world's richest country per capita (which is 'rich' is defined to include both financial and non-financial assets).It is the world's 19 largest economy in nominal GDP and the 36th largest by purchasing power parity. This is the twentieth-largest exporter and the eleventh largest importer of goods. Switzerland has the highest rating in the European Index of Economic Freedom 2010, and also providing large coverage through public services.is the nominal GDP per capita higher than the larger economies of the western and central Europe and Japan.If adjusted for purchasing power, Switzerland 8 stages around the world as measured by the GDP per capita, according to the World Bank and IMF (15 classified by the CIA World Factbook).

World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report currently ranks Switzerland as the most competitive economy in the world, and the EU ranked as Europe's most innovative countries. For many of the 20 century, Switzerland was the wealthiest country in Europe by a considerable margin (of GDP - per person).In 2005 the median household income in Switzerland about 95.000 CHF, equivalent to around 100.000 USD (as of December 2010) in nominal terms. Switzerland is also one of the main attractions as a percentage of GDP.

Switzerland is home to several large multinational companies. The largest companies by revenue Swiss Glencore, Nestlé, Novartis, Hoffmann-La Roche, ABB and Adecco.Also significant is UBS AG, Zurich Financial Services, Credit Suisse, Swiss Re, and the swatch group. Switzerland is ranked as one of the most powerful economies in the world. 

 
Switzerland is a key economic manufacturing sector. Manufacturing consists mainly of the production of specialty chemicals, pharmaceuticals and health products, scientific and precision measuring instruments and musical instruments. The goods are exported to most chemicals (34% of exported goods), machines / electronics (20.9%), and precision instruments / watches (16.9%).Exported services account for one third of the goods are exported.on the services sector - is another important industry Switzerland - particularly banking and insurance, tourism, and international organizations.

Working around 3.8 million people in Switzerland. Switzerland has more flexible labor market than neighboring countries, and unemployment is very low. Unemployment rose from a low of 1.7% in June 2000 to a peak of 4.4% in December 2009. Is population growth from net immigration is quite high, at 0.52% of the population in 2004. Is Foreign citizen population 21.8% in 2004 for the same meaning as in Australia. Is GDP per hour worked is the world's 17 highest, at 27.44 international dollars in 2006.